From two weeks ago, after Malawi President Joyce Banda hosted in audience representatives of the Malawi Chapter of the Media Institute of Southern Africa (Misa), who lobbied her to sign the Declaration of Table Mountain, much has been said about the declaration. The President is yet to sign. We reproduce the declaration in full:
Abolishing ‘insult laws’ in Africa and setting free press higher on the agenda
The World Association of Newspapers (WAN) and the World Editors Forum (WEF), meeting at the 60th World Newspaper Congress and 14th World Editors Forum Conference in Cape Town, South Africa, from 3 to 6 June 2007.
Note that in country after country, the African press is crippled by a panoply of repressive measures, from the jailing and persecution of journalists to the widespread scourge of ‘insult laws’ and criminal defamation which are used, ruthlessly, by governments to prevent critical appraisal of their performance and to deprive the public from information about their misdemeanours.
State their conviction that Africa urgently needs a strong, free and independent press to act as a watchdog over public institutions
Consider that press freedom remains a key to the establishment of good governance and durable economic, political, social and cultural development, prosperity and peace in Africa, and to the fight against corruption, famine, poverty, violent conflict, disease, and lack of education.
Reaffirm our responsibility as the global representative organisations of the owners, publishers and editors of the world’s press to conduct “aggressive and persistent campaigning against press freedom violations and restrictions.”
Reaffirm our commitment to freedom of the press as a basic human right as well as an indispensable constituent of democracy in every country, including those in Africa.
Note that Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees freedom of expression as a fundamental right, and emphasise that freedom of expression is essential to the realisation of other rights set forth in international human rights instruments.
Recall that those principles have been restated and endorsed in the 2002 Declaration on Principles of Freedom of Expression in Africa, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Union, thus requiring member States of the African Union to uphold and maintain press freedom.
Recall also the 1991 Windhoek Declaration on Promoting an Independent and Pluralistic African Press, observe that despite numerous opportunities for a free press to emerge from national independence, fully fledged press freedom still does not exist in many African countries and that murder, imprisonment, torture, banning, censorship and legislative edict are the norm in many countries.
Recognise that these crude forms of repression are bolstered by the deliberate exclusion of certain newspapers from State-advertising placement, the burden of high import taxes on equipment and newsprint and unfair competition from State-owned media.
Note that despite the adoption of press freedom protocols and the repression of that freedom on a wide scale in Africa, the African Union in instituting its African Peer Review Mechanism under the Nepad (New Partnership for Africa’s Development) programme has excluded the fostering of a free and independent press as a key requirement in the assessment of good governance in the countries of the continent, and identify as the greatest scourge of press freedom on the continent the continued implementation of “insult laws,” which outlaw criticism of politicians and those in authority, and criminal defamation legislation, both of which are used indiscriminately in the vast majority of African States that maintain them and which have as their prime motive the “locking up of information.’’
Declare that African states must recognise the indivisibility of press freedom and their responsibility to respect their commitments to African and international protocols upholding the freedom, independence and safety of the press, and to further that aim by, as a matter of urgency, abolishing ‘insult’ and criminal defamation laws which in the five months of this year have caused the harassment, arrest and/or imprisonment of 229 editors, reporters, broadcasters and online journalists in 27 African countries (as outlined in the annexure to this declaration).
Call on African governments as a matter of urgency to review and abolish all other laws that restrict press freedom, call on African governments that have jailed journalists for their professional activities to free them immediately and to allow the return to their countries of journalists who have been forced into exile.
Condemn all forms of repression of African media that allows for banning of newspapers and the use of other devices such as levying import duties on newsprint and printing materials and withholding advertising.
Call on African States to promote the highest standards of press freedom in furtherance of the principles proclaimed in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other protocols and to provide constitutional guarantees of freedom of the press.
Call on the African Union immediately to include in the criteria for “good governance” in the African Peer Review Mechanism the vital requirement that a country promotes free and independent media.
Call on international institutions to promote progress in press freedom in Africa in the next decade, through such steps as assisting newspapers in the areas of legal defence, skills development and access to capital and equipment.
Welcome moves towards a global fund for African media development and recommends that such an initiative gives priority attention to media legal reform and in particular the campaign to rid the continent of “insult” and criminal defamation laws.
Commit WAN and WEF to expand their existing activities in regard to press freedom and development in Africa in the coming decade.
WAN and WEF make this declaration from Table Mountain at the southern tip of Africa as an earnest appeal to all Africans to recognise that the political and economic progress they seek flourishes in a climate of freedom and where the press is free and independent of governmental, political or economic control.
This Declaration shall be presented to: The Secretary General of the United Nations with the request that it be presented to the UN General Assembly; to the Unesco Director General with the request that it be placed before the General Conference of Unesco; and to the Chairperson of the African Union Commission with the request that it be distributed to all members of the African Union so that it can be endorsed by the AU at its next summit meeting of heads of State.
Cape Town, 3 June 2007.
